3 10 735 https://www.phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/2354a20c825c0a93c9884fa74b620777.jpg d9b67eeb621e4a1d974029b5e1cba1cb Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Leaving Philadelphia Subject The topic of the resource The Delaware Memorial Bridge Description An account of the resource The Delaware Memorial Bridge over the Delaware River between New Castle, Delaware and Deepwater, New Jersey Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mike LaMonaca Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Flickr Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available WCU, HIS 399/HON 451 Oral History of Philadelphia Immigration, Spring 2019 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/27/2007 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Nicholas Heydeman Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Delaware Memorial Bridge Delaware River Philadelphia https://www.phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/a22285a3a28f4cb0b81789f7ffc59bd1.jpg 04852bdf50548089be21fad14a590c84 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Suq and the Dome Subject The topic of the resource Daily life Description An account of the resource A neighborhood street in an Iraqi city in 1990 with a Mosque in the background. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Karl Oppolzer Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wikicommons Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available WCU, HIS 399/HON 451 Oral History of Philadelphia Immigration, Spring 2019 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Nicholas Heydeman Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Iraq Mosque neighborhood https://www.phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/ed58257a5a2fcc52fc15614e673a801b.jpg fb4ac9b64b178f234f500e31518822af Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kuwaiti Prime Minister Alaa Hussein Ali 1990 with Iraqi President Saddam Hussein Subject The topic of the resource Kuwaiti Prime Minister Alaa Hussein Ali and Iraqi President Saddam Hussein Description An account of the resource Iraqi President Saddam Hussein (right) welcomes Colonel Alaa Hussein Ali, Prime Minister of Kuwait Provisional Free Government for unification talks in Bagdad on 7th of August 1990 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Iraqi News Agency Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Iraqi News TV Programme Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available WCU, HIS 399/HON 451 Oral History of Philadelphia Immigration, Spring 2019 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 8/7/1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Nicholas Heydeman Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work was first published in Iraq and is now in the public domain because its copyright protection has expired by virtue of the Law No. 3 of 1971 on Copyright, amended 2004 by Order No. 83, Amendment to the Copyright Law Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Alaa Hussein Ali Saddam Hussein Unification https://www.phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/9f31bdb4acdf113771be5a8c30a558c3.jpg 1796869951197b411a572c2cefefe385 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Republican Palace, Baghdad, Iraq Subject The topic of the resource The Republican Palace Description An account of the resource The Republican Palace (Arabic: al-Qaṣr al-Ǧumhūriy) in Baghdad, Iraq is the largest of the palaces commissioned by Saddam Hussein and was his preferred place to meet visiting heads of state. The United States spared the palace during its shock and awe raid during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, in the belief that it might hold valuable documents. The Green Zone developed around it. The palace itself served as the headquarters of the American occupation of Iraq and continues to serve as a primary base of operations for the American diplomatic mission in Iraq pending the construction of the new US Embassy in Baghdad. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jim Gordan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Flickr Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available WCU, HIS 399/HON 451 Oral History of Philadelphia Immigration, Spring 2019 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 12/6/2007 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Nicholas Heydeman Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Baghdad Republican Palace Saddam Hussein https://www.phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/aaf4189f113bd34ef237f2a7c0aef5c8.jpeg cdff68714d5675d7ba16191f9b23474a Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hasankeyf-Tigris and sheep Subject The topic of the resource Tigris River Description An account of the resource A herd of sheep kept at the shore of the Tigris river located at Hasankeyf, Turkey. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hansm Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wikicommons Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available WCU, HIS 399/HON 451 Oral History of Philadelphia Immigration, Spring 2019 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 8/19/2009 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Nicholas Heydeman Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, 2.5 Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic license. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image landscape livestock Tigris River https://www.phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/df25170533563e4db0843447e042b223.jpg c597b57e0d76a6be44830bac26ff0735 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark-84 bomb Subject The topic of the resource Armaments Description An account of the resource Members of the 401st Aircraft Generation Squadron, prepare to load MARK 84 2,000-pound bombs onto 401st Tactical Fighter Wing F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft. The aircraft are being armed for the first daylight strike against Iraqi targets during Operation Desert Storm. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Staff Sgt. Lee F. Corkran Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wikicommons Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available WCU, HIS 399/HON 451 Oral History of Philadelphia Immigration, Spring 2019 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2/1/1991 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Nicholas Heydemann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image or file is a work of a U.S. Air Force Airman or employee, taken or made as part of that person's official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image or file is in the public domain in the United States. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image https://www.phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/fecb05ed5623c0a8f9d1ae14dd66142e.jpg 7c03ac244389277f5397bb5efb1e4253 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tigris River in Baghdad Subject The topic of the resource The Tigris River flowing through Baghdad Description An account of the resource An aerial view of the Tigris River as it flows through Baghdad, July 31st, 2016. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Navy Petty Officer 2nd Class Dominique A. Pineiro Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wikicommons Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available WCU, HIS 399/HON 451 Oral History of Philadelphia Immigration, Spring 2019 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 7/31/2016 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Nicholas Heydeman Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Baghdad city view landscape Tigris River https://www.phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/cdceba1cd6b3a76a3282a2e16ba397f8.jpg c83be47ce00d92cbe064f4cd82a80f36 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Avicenne / Avicenna / Ibn Sina (980-1037) Subject The topic of the resource The painting of Avicenne Description An account of the resource A photograph of a painted portrait of Avicenne Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wikicommons Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available WCU, HIS 399/HON 451 Oral History of Philadelphia Immigration, Spring 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Nicholas Heydeman Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This file is licensed under the Licence Ouverte (License text, English license text). Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image art Historical Figure Portrait https://www.phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/e70a833f1e9a8ea890223aada30c7b6f.jpg a2f48706c366699317305037dcc9fd71 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, University of Kentucky Libraries Philadelphia Immigration Project Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Brady Day Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Enitan "Enni" Aigbomian OHMS Object https://nunncenter.net/ohms-spokedb/render.php?cachefile=2019oh1446_irw0091_ohm.xml Interview Keyword Black Americans Culture Assimilation Adaptation Abington Township (Pa.) Cheltenham Township (Pa.) Racism OHMS Object Text 5.2 Interview with Enitan &quot ; Enni&quot ; Aigbomian, March 25, 2019 2019oh1446_irw0091 irw I Remember When: Times Gone But Not Forgotten Oral History Project Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, University of Kentucky Libraries Childhood Community Immigrants Philadelphia (Pa.) Race relations Education Emigration and immigration. Families. New York (N.Y.) Lagos (Nigeria) Black Americans Culture Assimilation Adaptation Abington Township (Pa.) Cheltenham Township (Pa.) Racism Enitan &quot ; Enni&quot ; Aigbomian Brady Day 2019oh1446_irw0091_aigbomian_acc001.mp3 0 https://oralhistory.uky.edu/spokedbaudio/2019oh1446_irw0091_aigbomian_acc001.mp3 Other NULL audio 29 Childhood in Nigeria Okay. Hello, uh, my name is Brady Day. Aigbomian talks about her early childhood living in Lagos, Nigeria. She reflects on her time living in a dictatorship nation at such a young age and not even realizing it. She reflects on not being able to go out at night and being in a constant state of fear and not knowing why. She also has fond memories of climbing guava trees. Aigbomian shares that her parents were separated and that she lived with her mom, but once her mom moved to America in 1999, she lived with her aunt for a year and then moved in with her father in 2000. Her mother was a pharmacist in Nigeria and her father was in the Nigerian Air Force. Her father also worked a lot with education and opened up a school for kids dealing with poverty. Divorce ; Ibadan ; Kaduna ; Lagos, Nigeria ; Nigerian National Air Force ; Poverty Childhood ; Education ; Emigration and immigration. ; Employment ; Families. ; Immigrants ; Lagos (Nigeria) ; Occupations 6.563831, 3.367119 6 Capital building in Lagos, Nigeria http://phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/4d4aa32e08d9f96370b51701c9dfe05d.jpg Enitan Aigbomian's First Birthday, 1993, Courtesy of Enitan Aigbomian 321 Childhood surrounded by poverty So how do you think, um, going school with those kids of different backgrounds, how has that kind of affected your childhood and maybe today or just like your overall development? Aigbomian explains how going to school with kids in poverty affects who she is today. Aigbomian has always been surrounded with kids of different backgrounds because of her constant moving around Nigeria. Aigbomian explains her father’s difficult childhood as one of nine children and how that inspired him to open up a school for poverty stricken children. Aigbomian then talks about how her father’s work inspired her to help people in need. &quot ; Street kids&quot ; ; Creole ; Edo State ; Military ; Nigeria ; Pidgin English ; Poverty ; Proper English Childhood ; Education ; Emigration and immigration. ; Employment ; Families. ; Immigrants ; Lagos (Nigeria) ; Occupations ; Poverty 17 http://phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/8e51ac4077f6a242de94b5ca64d47c99.png “Location of Edo State in Nigeria,” Wikipedia 434 Family traditions in Nigeria and lack of traditions in America So what family traditions did you have back in Nigeria? Aigbomian explains how different the traditions are in Nigeria compared to traditions in America. Aigbomian describes the importance of Christmas and Easter in Nigeria, celebrations which include parades and weddings. She recalls Nigerian weddings as very fun and celebratory and even the funerals are a celebration of the person’s life. Aigbomian also talks about how as she got older and started living in America, she started to feel more autonomy and she did not want to deal with every Nigerian tradition because of how many Nigerian traditions there are. Celebratory ; Christmas ; Diaspora ; Easter ; Funerals ; Nigerian weddings ; Spray dance ; Spraying money Childhood ; Emigration and immigration. ; Families. ; Immigrants ; Lagos (Nigeria) 17 http://phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/34f3f5dc81e3aab553fc5f45c84aafed.jpg Aigbomian at her brother's wedding in Lagos, 2018, courtesy of Enitan Aigbomian 682 Description of her family / Motivation to immigrate Um, do you have any family in Nigeria or America or are they all here or are they all in Nigeria? Aigbomian has three siblings. She and her two sisters live in the United States with her mother, while her brother lives in Nigeria with her father. Aigbomian keeps in touch with her brother, father, and all her cousins in Nigeria. Aigbomian also describes the deciding factor that led she and her sisters to America. Aigbomian's mother’s siblings already lived in the United States, so she moved in 1999 to make a new start, with Aigbomian joining her in 2002. Aigbomian remembers being very excited about going to America to reunite with her mother. She thought of America as a magical place where there were no hardships or problems. Aigbomian was so excited that she left all her Naira (currency) in Nigeria because she did not care about it anymore. Chain migration ; Divorce ; Hardships ; London (England) ; London, England ; Naira ; Nigeria ; Nigerian Air Force Childhood ; Emigration and immigration. ; Families. ; Immigrants ; Lagos (Nigeria) 17 http://phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/1c108ffe9e33434fb7df2b61e25d9e7d.jpg &quot ; Naira Currency&quot ; , WikiPedia 908 Initial hopes about America / Leaving behind family and friends / Preparation for moving So what were your initial hopes when coming to America? Aigbomian was very excited about seeing her mother in America, who she had been apart from for three years ; all she wanted to do was see and talk to her in person. She also looked forward to seeing snow. Aigbomian does not really remember what she left behind, as she was only eight years old, although she left behind her dad's side of the family. Aigbomian also does not really remember packing and getting ready for America. She remembers packing the scary Baby Alive doll that she loved so much. Baby Alive dolls ; Esmerelda doll ; Impressions of America ; Snow Childhood ; Emigration and immigration. ; Families. ; Immigrants ; Lagos (Nigeria) 17 1103 Memories from her first day in America So you talked about coming in 1999, do you remember like, either like-- Aigbomian arrived in July, 2002 at the John F. Kennedy Airport. She explains how awesome it was to see her mother in America after 3 years of not seeing her. They drove to Jamaica, Queens, where her mother was already living. She felt excited to see the environment, and specifically remembers seeing a KFC restaurant. Aigbomian talks about how every single thing that she saw stood out to her because of the big difference between New York City and Lagos, Nigeria. Aigbomian was surprised by the cable television running at all times and different types of food, like broccoli, that she did not initially like, and the large variety of cereals. The only thing that did not meet her expectations was the place where her mom and family were going to live, which was not the house with the white picket fence like she imagined from the &quot ; Home Alone&quot ; movie. Broccoli ; Expectations ; Home Alone (Motion picture) ; Jamaica, Queens (N.Y.) ; John F. Kennedy Airport ; Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) Childhood ; Emigration and immigration. ; Families. ; Immigrants ; Lagos (Nigeria) ; New York (N.Y.) 40.641287, -73.778171 14 John F. Kennedy Airport http://phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/bcb2fd4c4185a2c8caaffddd32f17231.jpg “Jamaica, Queens Neighborhood ,” Courtesy of Jim Henderson 1302 Perception of America / Transforming from British to American English So how was like your perspective of America shaped when you were in Nigeria? Aigbomian's perceptions of America were shaped by movies and soap operas, including &quot ; Home Alone.&quot ; She envisioned a big house, big white fence, big yard, and big kitchen in her new home in America. Instead, her mom was living in the basement of her friend’s house and she was a little disappointed, but it did not matter because they had cable. Aigbomian and her family moved to Philadelphia in November or December of 2002. New York was Aigbomian's first introduction to America and it scared her at first. The school she went to was big, dark, and very structured. Because children start school earlier in Nigeria, the school made her repeat fourth grade, as she was younger than her classmates. Aigbomian spoke Pidgin English as well as British English from growing up in Nigeria, but had no introduction to American English. She views her British English as a “curse” as she had to re-learn American ways of saying and spelling things. &quot ; Street English&quot ; ; American culture ; American movies ; American soap operas ; American system of education ; Americanization ; British colony ; Creole ; Education systems ; Friends ; Haiti ; Home Alone (Motion picture) ; Language acquisition ; New York ; Philadelphia (Pa.) ; Pidgin English ; Proper English ; Vernacular English Childhood ; Education ; Emigration and immigration. ; Families. ; Immigrants ; Lagos (Nigeria) ; New York (N.Y.) 17 http://phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/dfe7cff19c82d2a609798eeda93d8d9b.jpg Home in Winnetka, Illinois, used in the filming of Home Alone. WikiPedia 1682 Reason for moving to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania / Time in Cheltenham, Pennsylvania What made you, uh, come to Philadelphia? Aigbomian recalls that her mother wanted to relocate to Pennsylvania because she was a single mom raising 3 kids in New York, and heard it would be safer and less expensive in Pennsylvania. Aigbomian did not have a good start in Cheltenham when on the first day of school she had to take the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA), a standardized test. After doing very poorly on the exams, Aigbomian had to take all remedial courses. This confused her and made the transition to American culture more difficult. Abington Township (Pa.) ; Abington Township, Pennsylvania ; Cheltenham Township (Pa.) ; Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania ; CVS Pharmacy ; New York City (N.Y.) ; New York City, New York ; Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA) ; Rite Aid Pharmacy Childhood ; Education ; Emigration and immigration. ; Families. ; Immigrants ; New York (N.Y.) 40.059912, -75.107753 17 Cheltenham Elementary School 1862 Education in Nigeria, Queens, and suburban Philadelphia So yeah, um, (??) how would you compare kind of your schooling in Nigeria to your schooling in America? Aigbomian explains how she was a really great student when she was younger in Nigeria, but after moving to America she struggled a lot. Aigbomian says she was always confused but did not know she was confused at the time and just felt she should have known everything. Aigbomian describes schooling in Jamaica, Queens as not very diverse and not making many friends. It was in Cheltenham where Aigbomian made more friends but also learned about the concept of being Black, which was not a concept in Nigeria, as identity was based on tribe. Because she was Black and knew how to speak English, everything was introduced forcefully and understood immediately. Black Americans ; Cheltenham Township (Pa.) ; Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania ; Education ; Esan Tribe ; Jamaica, Queens (N.Y.) ; Nigeria ; Race ; Suburbs Childhood ; Education ; Emigration and immigration. ; Families. ; Immigrants ; Lagos (Nigeria) ; New York (N.Y.) 40.082251, -75.127780 17 Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania 2041 Learning racial pressure / Assimilating into American culture / What is wrong with Philadelphia / Life in Abington So you kind of talked about, um, that racial pressure put on you when you first came to America, um, and not knowing about it even in Nigeria. Aigbomian describes the first time when she was exposed to the American racial pressure, when another girl told her she was “Black” and Aigbomian understood that was a negative connotation. Aigbomian was slowly assimilated to Black American culture when she was told that she could not have a crush on a boy because he was White. Aigbomian tried hard to try to get rid of her Nigerian accent and sound more American. She did not like living in the suburbs of Cheltenham or Abington (where she moved in 2005) as much as being in a city. Abington Township (Pa.) ; Abington Township, Pennsylvania ; Americanization ; Black Americans ; Cheltenham Township (Pa.) ; Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania ; Diversity ; New York (N.Y.) ; Old York Road Childhood ; Emigration and immigration. ; Families. ; Immigrants ; Race relations ; Racism 17 2292 &quot ; Home Alone&quot ; style of house / Middle &amp ; high school in America / American and Nigerian identities as a child Um, in Abington did you--because you talked about that &quot ; American Dream&quot ; kind of-- Aigbomian was initially very excited to live in a house in Abington because her mother bought a house and the children had their own rooms. Aigbomian started to perform better academically in sixth grade, but was confused in seventh grade when they were split into different schools based on neighborhoods. She also struggled to figure out what it meant to be Black in America in addition to having a more protective immigrant mother. Aigbomian did not like explaining her Nigerian heritage to her new friends. As Aigbomian got through middle and high school, she defiantly thought of herself as more American rather than Nigerian so that she could try to fit in with her friends. &quot ; African Booty Scratcher&quot ; ; Abington High School ; Abington Township (Pa.) ; Abington Township, Pennsylvania ; American culture ; American dream ; Americanization ; Assimilation ; Black Americans ; Home Alone (Motion picture) ; Immigrant mothers Childhood ; Education ; Emigration and immigration. ; Families. ; Immigrants ; Race relations ; Racism 40.112147, -75.131455 15 Abington High School 2519 Higher education at George Washington University and Temple University and work in Latin America So, you said you went to graduate school at Temple, right? After graduating from Abington High School, Aigbomian attended George Washington University and she really enjoyed making new Nigerian friends in Washington, D.C. Aigbomian started to fully identify as a Nigerian rather than American and she was proud of her heritage. She studied economics and journalism then moved to Latin America to work with a nonprofit studying journalism in Bolivia. She began to understand the kind of international development work her father did for U.S.A.I.D., which she did not understand as a child. She wanted to work in Colombia since there were Black people there who looked Nigerian to her. After Bolivia, she began to study at Temple University in a graduate program where she studied developmental social change. Americanization ; Bolivia ; Colombia ; Economics ; George Washington University ; International Development ; Journalism ; Latin America ; Minister of Culture ; Nigerian ; Syrian ; Temple University ; Thailand ; United States Agency for International Development (U.S.A.I.D.) ; Washington, D.C. College environment ; College students--Social conditions ; Education ; Families. ; Philadelphia (Pa.) ; Universities and colleges. ; Washington (D.C.) 38.899773, -77.048470 17 George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 2841 Communication and social change work in Philadelphia So, like, for research I was given some information about you... Aigbomian currently works in communications work for social change. Aigbomian has worked with indigenous communities and Afro communities in Latin America. Aigbomian is currently working with Philadelphia's literacy campaign, “Read by 4th” to help grade school kids reach the 4th grade reading level by 4th grade. She reflects on the success of the literacy program, but cannot currently predict its impact, although she views education as empowering. Afro communities ; Communications ; Free Library of Philadelphia ; Indigenous communities ; Latin America ; Literacy ; Philly's Literacy Campaign ; Social change ; “Read By 4th” (Philadelphia’s literacy campaign) Childhood ; Community ; Education ; Immigrants 17 3019 Hobbies / Reflections on her Nigerian and American identities So with all the work you're doing, do you have any other like hobbies or activities that you, uh, do now? Aigbomian enjoys writing, traveling, being in the city, dancing, and hanging out with friends. She now has a difficult time identifying as fully Nigerian or fully American. She recalls recently visiting Nigeria with her mother, and quickly switching into Pidgin English to communicate, yet there she felt very American. While in Philadelphia she sometimes feels more Nigerian, and now chooses Nigerian ways of interacting with people rather than the “rude” way that Americans interact. Being a woman in America is very empowering and she can see herself thrusting herself in the front seat when it comes to social issues. Americanization ; Assimilation ; Code switching ; Dancing ; Empowerment ; Nigeria ; Pidgin English ; Traveling ; Writing Families. ; Immigrants ; Philadelphia (Pa.) 17 3280 Life in Cedar Park, West Philadelphia Yeah, so, um, where do you live now? Aigbomian currently lives in the Cedar Park neighborhood in West Philadelphia. Aigbomian really likes West Philadelphia because of the community and how friendly everyone is. Although she did not like suburban Philadelphia as a child, she now loves living in Philadelphia as an adult and appreciates its diversity and community feel and affordability. She likes the flexibility of Philadelphia and feels like people can make their own community there. In Cedar Park, gentrification has forced some Black residents further west. American culture ; Cedar Park (Philadelphia neighborhood) ; Collectiveness ; Gentrification ; Latin American culture ; Liberians ; Nigerian culture ; Upper Darby (Pa.) ; Upper Darby, Pennsylvania ; West Philadelphia (Pa.) Childhood ; Community ; Immigrants ; Philadelphia (Pa.) ; Race relations 39.949491, -75.218987 17 Cedar Park, Philadelphia (Pa.) 3596 Looking ahead 10 years So, where do you want to be in 10 years? In 10 years, when Aigbomian is 35, she hopes to have kids and be married. She hopes to be living outside of the United States to give her kids a global experience. She would like to work in Nigeria or in Latin America. She reflects on the diversity among humans and hopes that her children can appreciate that one day. Children ; Diversity ; Future ; Global citizens ; Nigeria ; Philadelphia (Pa.) Emigration and immigration. ; Families. ; Immigrants 17 interview Enitan Aigbomian shares the story of her arrival and transition into the American lifestyle. Aigbomian is a 25 year old Nigerian immigrant who moved to the United States at the young age of 8 with her mother and sisters. Aigbomian talks about her days growing up in New York and Philadelphia, and how she had to transition into the American lifestyle. As a 25 year old college graduate, Aigbomian reflects on her time in the United States and talks about what her future entails. No transcript. All rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights and literary property rights, have been transferred to the University of Kentucky Libraries. audio Interviews may only be reproduced with permission from Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, University of Kentucky Libraries. 0 https://nunncenter.net/ohms-spokedb/render.php?cachefile=2019oh1446_irw0091_aigbomian_ohm.xml 2019oh1446_irw0091_aigbomian_ohm.xml https://kentuckyoralhistory.org/ark:/16417/xt7m901zgq96 Indexed By Brady Day Sort Priority 0002 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview: Enitan Aigbomian Description An account of the resource Enitan Aigbomian shares the story of her arrival and transition into the American lifestyle. Aigbomian is a 25 year old Nigerian immigrant who moved to the United States at the young age of 8 with her mother and sisters. Aigbomian talks about her days growing up in New York and Philadelphia, and how she had to transition into the American lifestyle. As a 25 year old college graduate, Aigbomian reflects on her time in the United States and talks about what her future entails. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019oh1446_irw0091 Subject The topic of the resource Childhood Community Immigrants Philadelphia (Pa.) Race relations Education Emigration and immigration. Families. New York (N.Y.) Lagos (Nigeria) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available WCU, HIS 399/HON 451 Oral History of Philadelphia Immigration, Spring 2019 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 25, 2019 https://www.phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/d4892dec5597b8d5a0f5dd4df9752d99.jpg 33b09c60a1667f478e3ac3c268542e4b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, University of Kentucky Libraries Philadelphia Immigration Project Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Kelsey Bastien Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Dilmohan "Dale" Grewal OHMS Object https://nunncenter.net/ohms-spokedb/render.php?cachefile=2019oh0161_irw0087_ohm.xml Interview Keyword Buffalo (N.Y.) Rochester (N.Y.) Toronto (Ont.) London (England) Marriage OHMS Object Text 5.2 2019oh0161_irw0087 Interview with Dilmohan &quot ; Dale&quot ; Grewal, March 27, 2019 2019oh0161_irw0087 irw I Remember When: Times Gone But Not Forgotten Oral History Project Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, University of Kentucky Libraries Childhood Education Families. New Delhi (India) Nigeria Emigration and immigration. Immigrants Discrimination Racism Race relations Employment Occupations Downingtown (Pa.) Philadelphia (Pa.) Buffalo (N.Y.) Rochester (N.Y.) Toronto (Ont.) London (England) Marriage Dilmohan &quot ; Dale&quot ; Grewal Kelsey Bastien 2019oh0161_irw0087_grewal_acc001.mp3 0 https://oralhistory.uky.edu/spokedbaudio/2019oh0161_irw0087_grewal_acc001.mp3 Other NULL audio 26 Introduction Okay, so my name is Kelsey Bastien and I am sitting down with Dale Grewal at his house, um, in Downingtown. This section introduces the interviewer, Kelsey Bastien. It also introduces Dilmohan Grewal and some brief background of the interviewee. Downingtown, Pennsylvania ; Shimla, India Downingtown (Pa.) ; Shimla (India) 31.094335, 77.189943 7 Shimla, India, Dale Grewal's birthplace http://phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/4dce81970547df74fb858db0f46a5e37.jpg A picture of Dale Grewal. Courtesy of Dale Grewal. 69 Childhood, family, and education in India Okay, and can you describe that for me? Grewal briefly explains his early life in India. Being separated from his family for most of his childhood, he describes living in his parents' village and living with his uncle who was an attorney in New Delhi. He then expands on living in New Delhi when his father and mother returned from Scotland, where his father attended medical school, and how Grewal attended school in India until he was a freshman in high school. Amish ; Cardiology ; Childhood ; Education ; Government of India ; India ; New Delhi ; Scotland ; Separation ; Villages Childhood ; Education ; Families. ; New Delhi (India) 28.654894, 77.210636 10 New Delhi, where Mr. Grewal lived as a child after his father returned from medical school. http://phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/be52bf5210e3bf9fb5f85423720e806b.jpg A portrait of Dale Grewal and his family. From left to right: Ajita Rani Kaur Kang (sister), Dr. Manohar Singh Grewal (father), Dale Grewal, Harbans Kaur Grewal (mother), Palvinder Singh Grewal (brother). Courtesy of Dale Grewal. 390 Experience in Nigeria My father transferred to Nigeria. Grewal remembers his time in Nigeria, where he and his family moved when Grewal was in the ninth grade when his father was employed by the World Health Organization. He talks about the beauty and lifestyle of Nigeria and the different people that he met during his experience. He talks about his ease of picking up the language and he also reminisces about his adventures in the Niger Republic with his brother Palvinder, where he and his brother observed the Fulani tribe. Cultural diversity ; Education ; Family reunification ; Fulani Tribe ; General Yakba &quot ; Jack&quot ; Dan-Yumma Gowon ; Independence ; Language acquisition ; Niger Republic ; Nigeria ; Nomad ; Post-colonialism ; Sahara Desert ; World Health Organization Childhood ; Education ; Emigration and immigration. ; Families. ; Immigrants ; Nigeria 11.017836, 5.895900 6 Northwestern Nigeria, where Mr. Grewal and his family lived for 5 years of his life. http://phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/79eb440b9823a4de3544714ddab6eb89.jpg A costume parade by the Fulani Tribe in Nigeria, Magicc0077, Wikimedia Commons, Dec. 16, 2016. 742 Experiences in Canada So, after Africa, where did you go from there? Grewal talks about moving to Toronto, Canada in 1974, joining his brother Palvinder who had recently moved there to continue his education. He explains how his father immigrated to America around the same time, as he gained employment at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio in 1976. He then talks briefly about moving to Buffalo, New York before eventually settling in Rochester, New York. Grewal reflects on his struggles with malaria, which he contracted in Nigeria, but no one could diagnose it in Toronto, leaving him reliant on his brother's support and an old friend from Nigeria to eventually restore his health. Buffalo, New York ; Canada ; Cleveland Clinic ; Cleveland, Ohio ; Etobicoke Hospital (Ontario) ; George Brown College ; Graphic arts ; London, England ; Malaria ; Rochester Institute of Technology ; Rochester, New York ; Sibling relationships ; Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; University Buffalo (N.Y.) ; Education ; Emigration and immigration. ; Families. ; Immigrants ; London (England) ; Rochester (N.Y.) ; Toronto (Ont.) 43.676011, -79.410571 12 George Brown College in Toronto, Canada where Mr. Grewal lived with his brother and attended school. http://phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/1628fde7dc63220c86d0eccf0eefa996.jpg A picture of Toronto in the 1970s, as Mr. Grewal would have experienced it, c. 1970, courtesy of Ellis Wiley, Wikimedia Commons. 1061 Reflecting back on his journeys before immigrating to America As you're entering the United States, like what did you bring with you, other than your brother... Grewal reflects on his time in Nigeria, England, and Canada before immigrating to the United States. Grewal talks about the discrimination he faced in some countries, and the privileges that advantaged him in others. He especially focuses on the discrimination he faced in Toronto, where others hurt and harassed him because they thought he was Pakistani and called him &quot ; Paki,&quot ; a derogatory term. He recounts soup and soda poured on his head and remembers the fear of traveling by himself. In the United States, he did not face such discrimination and looks fondly on the relief afforded to him in his new home. Caste systems ; Classism ; Discrimination ; Equality ; Indian ; Pakistani ; Racism ; Stereotypes ; Toronto, Canada Discrimination ; Emigration and immigration. ; Immigrants ; Race relations ; Racism 17 1288 Hopes for success and expectations for the United States Did you have--when you decided to go to Rochester with Paul, um, did you have certain hopes or did that fear of discrimination follow you? Grewal talks about his fears of discrimination disappearing as he entered the United States and found many opportunities. Growing up in India he gained the idea that engineers, doctors, or other professionals found the most success in the United States. Grewal also speaks about his parents and how they taught him lessons about friendship, cleanliness, and charity so that he may find success in his adult life. Diversity ; Education ; First jobs ; Generational changes ; Individuality ; Opportunity ; Perseverance ; Professionalism ; Rochester Institute of Technology ; Upward mobility Discrimination ; Emigration and immigration. ; Employment ; Immigrants ; Occupations ; Race relations ; Racism 43.084589, -77.674334 13 Rochester Institute of Technology, in Rochester, New York, where Mr. Grewal and his brother Palvinder attended school. 1819 Arrival to the United States and moving around the Northeast Back to, to the train of thought, um, when did you come to the U.S.? Grewal remembers moving to Cleveland from Toronto in 1976. He reflects on Cleveland's similarities to India and the kindness he encountered from the Americans there. He got his first job in New Jersey at J. Josephson and Sons in 1978 after graduating from RIT with a bachelor's degree in graphic arts. His next job was in a very small town in Pennsylvania, which differed greatly from the city lifestyle he became accustomed to, making the job a poor fit for Grewal. He moved back to Toronto, working for four and a half years at Proctor &amp ; Gamble to escape the small town lifestyle of Pennsylvania and to avoid the grief of his mother dying from pancreatic cancer. Grewal continues to speak about his time working in America and how he needed to learn about the politics of smaller companies to successfully carry out his position. He then returned to the United States in 1985 in an attempt to earn his MBA at Drexel University. He became an American citizen in 1981. Altoona, Pennsylvania ; Buffalo, New York ; Cleveland, Ohio ; Drexel University ; Equality ; Graphic arts ; J. Josephson and Sons ; Master of Business Administration (MBA) ; Mistakes ; New Jersey ; Pain ; Pancreatic cancer ; Proctor and Gamble ; Relocation ; Roaring Springs, Pennsylvania ; Rochester Institute of Technology ; United States citizenship Altoona (Pa.) ; Buffalo (N.Y.) ; Cleveland (Ohio) ; Emigration and immigration. ; Employment ; Immigrants ; Occupations ; Roaring Springs (Pa.) 40.333685, -78.397249 12 Roaring Spring, Pennsylvania, where Grewal earned a position in Human Resources and struggled to adjust to the small town lifestyle the area offered. http://phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/50d2e06b70c3479137563a2ef24ac988.jpg A picture of Mario the Magnificent, at Drexel University where Mr. Grewal attended to pursue his MBA. Sebastian Weigand, Wikimedia Commons, Feb. 26, 2008. 2138 Meeting his wife in America It was then I lost my--in those days, cross pins were big time favorites. Mr. Grewal remembers meeting his now wife, Melissa after losing a cross pin and meeting her in the jewelry store she worked at when he went to get a replacement. He talks about gaining a position where she worked to get to know her better and talks about how their relationship progressed ; they married in 1988. He talks about how they have children now and how Melissa and the children have made him a better person. Cross pins ; Devon, Pennsylvania ; Importance of family ; Internal struggles ; Isolation ; Love ; Marriage ; Melissa Grewal ; Parenthood ; Sacrifices ; Support Devon (Pa.) ; Employment ; Families. ; Immigrants ; Marriage ; Occupations 17 http://phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/2b512ced6ece23e13e7d8acdbb0a31c9.jpg A picture of Mr. and Mrs. Grewal on their wedding day. 2432 Thoughts on the Philadelphia area So before Melissa, pre-Melissa, how did you feel about the Philadelphia area? Grewal recalls that his parents moved to the Philadelphia area in 1979 when his mother fell sick with pancreatic cancer. He speaks about the initial feelings of isolation in the Downingtown area after his parents moved there while he was working in New Jersey. He saw the area as remote and remembers his particular surprise at not being able to find even a pizza parlor. He also speaks about how his feelings changed about the area after he met Melissa. Change in perspectives ; Downingtown, Pennsylvania ; Family ties ; Love ; Pancreatic cancer ; Pennsylvania Route 113 ; Rural Pennsylvania ; Uncertainty ; Woodmont Apartments Downingtown (Pa.) ; Families. ; Immigrants ; Marriage ; Philadelphia (Pa.) 40.025918, -75.690066 12 Woodmont Apartments, where Mr. Grewal's parents lived and Melissa lived for a short period of time before they married. 2655 Professional setbacks and opportunities So once you did decide to stay here, um, describe where you were, what were you doing? Grewal talks about his time after his father passed away, when he stopped pursuing his MBA and became a bank teller with Fidelity Bank in order to not burden his brother with his dependence. Melissa attended nursing school at West Chester University at the time. He perceives that he had trouble getting admitted into management programs at the bank because of his accent. He expands on all of the paths he took to get to the position he finds himself in today. Bank of America ; Bank tellers ; Banking ; Continental Bank ; Discrimination ; Diversity ; Fidelity Bank ; Job hunting ; King of Prussia, Pennsylvania ; Lionville, Pennsylvania ; Professional Bankers Development Program ; Unemployment ; Upward mobility ; West Chester University Discrimination ; Emigration and immigration. ; Employment ; Immigrants ; King of Prussia (Pa.) ; Lionville (Pa.) ; Occupations ; Race relations ; Racism 40.051044, -75.641360 14 Lionville, Pennsylvania, where Mr. Grewal first started working in banking at Fidelity Bank. 3132 Reflecting on the Downingtown area and those around him Was--were people in the community accepting? Mr. Grewal talks about settling in Downingtown with Melissa in 1988 and his lack of struggle with discrimination in the town. He speaks about being the last one in his family to settle in the area and talks about his sister, who moved to Texas with her husband. He also reflects on how the dynamics have changed within the United States and how he feels immigrants no longer hold themselves to the high professional standard that he held himself to when immigrating. &quot ; Melting pot&quot ; ; &quot ; The American Dream&quot ; ; Americanization ; Diversity ; Downingtown, Pennsylvania ; Green Card ; Influx of immigrants ; Integration ; Professionalism Downingtown (Pa.) ; Emigration and immigration. ; Families. ; Immigrants ; Philadelphia (Pa.) 17 http://phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/ac4651b074bf0d42a586aa6d18912eb6.png Route 202 corridor, where many families of Indian descent settled, including the Grewals. 3600 Reflections on status and opportunities So do you have any regrets or anything that you'd like to tell me that we haven't discussed yet? Grewal reflects on his life and whether he has any regrets. He reflects on his entitlements in India and in particular recalls a story where his family got tickets on a sold out plane because one of the people there knew Grewal. He talks about almost being treated like royalty in India and moving to America where no one knows who you are like they did in India. Despite the lack of social status in America, Grewal declares that his family means the most to him now and makes all of the sacrifices worth it. Blessings ; Caste systems ; Entitlement ; Equality ; Family ; Privileges ; Status Discrimination ; Emigration and immigration. ; Families. ; Immigrants 17 http://phillyimmigration.nunncenter.net/files/original/d9c4ddc59d6a2920d1d8df538d76f6c2.jpg The Grewal family. Left to right: Greg, Kirsten, Major, Melissa and Dale. 4020 Reflections on what matters most Okay, do you have anything you want to talk about? Grewal reflects on what he considers most important in life. He comments on how well each of his three children are doing, yet he still continues to worry about them. He tells the interviewer, Kelsey, who is dating his son Major, that he considers her like a daughter. He talks about giving back and what means the most to him. He wants to give back to others because of how fortunate he feels he has been in his life. Care ; Family ; Giving back ; Love ; Parenthood ; Worry Children ; Families. ; Immigrants 17 interview Kelsey Bastien interviews Dale Grewal about his experience immigrating to America. Grewal speaks about the start of his life in India and discusses his experience being spread out from his family as his father went to medical school in England. Grewal then discusses his experiences moving to Nigeria around the age of 15 and then to Canada around the time he went to college. He reflects on classism and racism and how he felt more free from these constraints in America and Nigeria. He finally discusses his journey to America and how he got to where he is today. Grewal focuses on family, differences in culture, and his professional experiences throughout his immigration experience. No transcript. All rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights and literary property rights, have been transferred to the University of Kentucky Libraries. audio Interviews may only be reproduced with permission from Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, University of Kentucky Libraries. 0 https://nunncenter.net/ohms-spokedb/render.php?cachefile=2019oh0161_irw0087_grewal_ohm.xml 2019oh0161_irw0087_grewal_ohm.xml https://kentuckyoralhistory.org/ark:/16417/xt7m901zgq96 Indexed By Kelsey Bastien Sort Priority 0020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview: Dilmohan "Dale" Grewal Description An account of the resource Kelsey Bastien interviews Dale Grewal about his experience immigrating to America. Grewal speaks about the start of his life in India and discusses his experience being spread out from his family as his father went to medical school in England. Grewal then discusses his experiences moving to Nigeria around the age of 15 and then to Canada around the time he went to college. He reflects on classism and racism and how he felt more free from these constraints in America and Nigeria. He finally discusses his journey to America and how he got to where he is today. Grewal focuses on family, differences in culture, and his professional experiences throughout his immigration experience. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019oh0161_irw0087 Subject The topic of the resource Childhood Education Families. New Delhi (India) Nigeria Emigration and immigration. Immigrants Discrimination Racism Race relations Employment Occupations Downingtown (Pa.) Philadelphia (Pa.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available WCU, HIS 399/HON 451 Oral History of Philadelphia Immigration, Spring 2019 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 27, 2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, University of Kentucky Libraries Relation A related resource <a href="/exhibits/show/dilmohan-grewal/four-continents" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Explore an exhibit about Dale's life</a>